List of U.S. state and territory nicknames

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Map of the United States showing the state nicknames as hogs. Lithograph by Mackwitz, St. Louis, 1884.

The following is a table of U.S. state and territory nicknames, including officially adopted nicknames and other traditional nicknames for the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, as well as five U.S. territories.

State and territory nicknames[edit]

Current official state and territory nicknames are highlighted in bold. A state nickname is not to be confused with an official state motto.

State,
federal district,
or territory		Nickname(s)
 Alabama[1][a]
 Alaska
  • Land of the Midnight Sun[6]
  • Land of the Noonday Moon[6]
  • The Last Frontier (currently used on license plates)[6][7]
  • Seward's Folly (named after U.S. Secretary of State William H. Seward)[6]
  • Seward's Ice Box, Icebergia, Polaria, Walrussia, and Johnson's Polar Bear Garden were satirical names coined by members of the U.S. Congress during debate over the Alaska Purchase[6]
 American Samoa
  • Motu o Fiafiaga (a Samoan phrase; in English, it is "Islands of Paradise")[8] (currently used on American Samoa license plates)[9]
  • Football Island[s][10]
 Arizona
  • Apache State[11]
  • Aztec State[11]
  • Baby State (because Arizona is the newest contiguous state in the Union)[11]
  • Copper State[11]
  • Grand Canyon State (currently used on license plates)[11][12]
  • Italy of America[11]
  • Sand Hill State[11]
  • Sunset State[11]
  • Sweetheart State (see below)[11]
  • Valentine State (Arizona gained statehood on February 14, 1912)[11]
 Arkansas
  • Bear State[13]
  • Bowie State[13]
  • Hot Springs State[13]
  • Land of Opportunity (former official nickname; previously used on license plates)[13]
  • The Natural State (currently used on license plates)[13][14]
  • Razorback Crystal State[13]
  • Toothpick State[13]
  • Wonder State[13]
 California
  • El Dorado State[15]
  • The Golden State[16][17] (previously used on license plates)
  • The Beach State
 Colorado
  • Buffalo Plains State[18] (no longer used)
  • Centennial State[19] (previously used on license plates. Colorado was admitted to the Union one hundred years after the signing of the Declaration of Independence.)
  • Colorful Colorado[19] (previously used on license plates)
  • Columbine State[20]
  • Highest State[18]
  • Lead State[18] (no longer used)
  • Mother of Rivers[21]
  • Rocky Mountain Empire[22] (no longer used)
  • Rocky Mountain State[23] (no longer used)
  • Silver State[18] (no longer used; see Nevada)
  • Ski Country USA[24]
  • Switzerland of America[25][26]
 Connecticut
  • Constitution State (official, currently used on license plates)[27]
  • Nutmeg State[15]
  • Provision State[28]
  • Blue Law State[15]
  • Freestone State[15]
  • Land of Steady Habits[15]
 Delaware
  • Chemical Capital of the World[29] (due to one time being the corporate headquarters for several international chemical companies.)
  • Corporate Capital (due to the state's business-friendly incorporation laws)[29]
  • Diamond State (Thomas Jefferson is supposed to have referred to Delaware as being like a diamond- small in size but great in value)[30]
  • Blue Hen State or Blue Hen Chicken State[31]
  • The First State[29][32] (Delaware was the first state to ratify the Constitution; currently used on license plates)
  • Peach State[29] (no longer used; see Georgia)
  • Small Wonder[29]
 District of Columbia[a]
  • Nation's Capital[33]
  • DMV (nickname for the broader metropolitan area of Washington, D.C., Maryland, and Virginia)[33]
  • Inside the Beltway
 Florida
  • Alligator State[34]
  • Everglade State[34]
  • Flower State[34]
  • Gulf State[34]
  • Gunshine State [35]
  • Orange State[34]
  • Peninsula State or Peninsular State[31]
  • Plywood State
  • Sunshine State (currently used on license plates)
 Georgia
  • Peach State[36] (currently used on license plates)
  • Cracker State — Along with Florida, Georgia had been called "The Cracker State" in earlier times, perhaps a derogatory term that referred to immigrants, called "crackers," from the mountains of Virginia and North Carolina.[37] See also Atlanta Crackers: Origin of the name
  • Empire State of the South — Georgia is the largest Southern state in land area east of the Mississippi and was the leading industrial state of the Old South.[38]
  • Goober State — Refers to peanuts, the official state crop.[39]
  • State of Adventure (on highway welcome signs)
 Guam
  • Tano y Chamorro (Land of the Chamorro)[40] (currently used on Guam license plates)[41][42]
  • Hub of the Pacific[40]
  • Gateway to Micronesia[40]
 Hawaii
  • Aloha State (officially the "popular" name,[43] currently used on license plates)[44]
  • Paradise of the Pacific[44]
  • Pineapple State[44]
  • Rainbow State[45]
  • Youngest State[44]
  • 808 State (colloquial, refers to the state's area code.)[46][47]
 Idaho
  • Gem State[48]
  • Gem of the Mountains[49]
  • Little Ida[49]
  • Spud State[50]
 Illinois[51]
  • Land of Lincoln[52] (currently used on license plates)
  • Prairie State[52]
  • Corn State[52]
  • Garden of the West[52]
 Indiana
  • Hoosier State[53]
 Iowa
  • Hawkeye State[54]
 Kansas
  • America's Heartland (previously used on Licence Plates)
  • Central State[15]
  • Dorothy's Home
  • Free State
  • Midway USA (previously used on Kansas Licence Plates)
  • Sunflower State[15]
  • Wheat State (previously used on license plates)
 Kentucky
  • Bluegrass State (currently used on license plates)[55]
  • Corn-cracker State (reported in 1881)[31]
  • The Dark and Bloody Ground State (an allusion to battles between the Creek, Shawnee, Chickasaw, and Cherokee tribes)[55]
  • Hemp State[55]
  • Tobacco State[55]
 Louisiana
  • Bayou State (previously used on license plates)
  • Creole State[15]
  • Pelican State[15]
  • Sportsman's Paradise (currently used on license plates)
 Maine
  • Vacationland (currently used on license plates)
  • Pine Tree State[56] (co-official with Vacationland)
  • Lumber State[15]
 Maryland
  • America in Miniature[57]
  • Chesapeake State[58]
  • Cockade State[58]
  • Free State[59]
  • Monumental State[58]
  • Old Line State[58]
  • Oyster State[58]
  • Queen State[58]
  • Terrapin State[60]
 Massachusetts
  • Baked Bean State[61]
  • Codfish State (formerly represented on license plates by a codfish)
  • The Bay State[61]
  • Old Colony State[62]
  • Pilgrim State[61]
  • The Spirit of America (currently used on license plates)
  • The People's Republic of Massachusetts (colloquial)
  • Taxachusetts (colloquial)[63][64][65][66][67]
 Michigan
  • The Great Lakes State (previously used on license plates)
  • Water Wonderland and Water-Winter Wonderland (previously used on license plates)
  • The Wolverine State[68]
  • The Mitten State
 Minnesota
  • Gopher State[15]
  • Land of 10,000 Lakes ("10,000 Lakes" currently used on license plates)
  • New England of the West[15]
  • North Star State
  • State of Hockey[69]
  • ”Minne(snow)ta”
  • Bread and Butter State[15]
 Mississippi
  • Hospitality State (previously used on license plates)
  • Magnolia State
  • The Birthplace of America's Music (currently being used on license plates)
  • The Bayou State[15]
 Missouri
  • Bullion State[15]
  • Show-Me State (currently used on license plates)
  • The Gateway to the West
 Montana
  • Big Sky Country (previously used on license plates)
  • The Last Best Place[70]
  • Treasure State (currently used on license plates)
 Nebraska
  • Antelope State[71]
  • Beef State (previously used on license plates)
  • Cornhusker State (previously used on license plates)[72][71]
  • Bugeating State[73][71]
  • Blackwater State[15][71]
  • The Good Life (as seen on state border signs)
  • Tree Planters State[71]
 Nevada
  • Battle Born State (refers to the fact that Nevada joined the Union during the Civil War)
  • Sagebrush State
  • Silver State (currently used on license plates)
  • Casino state
 New Hampshire
  • Granite State[74]
  • The Live Free or Die State (official motto; "Live Free or Die" currently used on license plates)
  • Mother of Rivers[74]
  • White Mountain State[74]
 New Jersey
  • Garden State (currently used on license plates)
  • The Crossroads of the Revolution (previously used on license plates)
  • The Cornerstone State (used colloquially, especially with reference to Pennsylvania when it is called the Keystone State).
 New Mexico
  • Land of Enchantment[75] (currently used on license plates)
  • Land of Sunshine (predates "Land of Enchantment"; this earlier nickname highlighted the large percentage of sunshine received statewide)[76]
 New York
  • Empire State (currently used on license plates)[15]
  • Excelsior State[15]
 North Carolina
  • Old North State[77]
  • Tar Heel State[77]
  • Turpentine State[78]
  • Variety Vacationland[79]
 North Dakota
  • Flickertail State
  • Peace Garden State (currently used on license plates)
  • Rough Rider State
  • Sioux State
 Northern Mariana Islands[a]
  • Håfa Adai (a Chamorro phrase; in English, it is "Hello")[80] (currently used on Northern Mariana Islands license plates)[81][b]
  • America's Best Kept Secret[82]
 Ohio
  • Buckeye State[31]
  • Birthplace of Aviation[83] (currently used on license plates)
  • The Heart Of It All[84] (formerly used on license plates)
 Oklahoma
  • Native America (currently used on license plates)
  • Land of the Red Man
  • Sooner State[85]
 Oregon
  • Beaver State[86]
  • Pacific Wonderland (previously used on license plates and currently available on an extra cost plate)[87]
  • Webfoot State[15]
 Pennsylvania
  • Keystone State (previously used on license plates)[31]
  • Quaker State
  • Coal State
  • Railroad State
 Puerto Rico
  • Isla del Encanto ("Island of Enchantment") (currently used on license plates)
  • Borinquen (name given by indigenous people, the Tainos)[88]
 Rhode Island
  • Little Rhody[31]
  • Ocean State (currently used on license plates)
  • Rogues Island[89]
  • The Licentious Republic[89]
  • Smallest State
 South Carolina
  • Palmetto State[31]
  • Iodine Products State (no longer used)[90] (previously used on license plates)
 South Dakota
  • Artesian State[91]
  • Blizzard State[91]
  • Coyote State[91]
  • Land of Infinite Variety
  • The Mount Rushmore State[92] (officially adopted in 1980 in place of the former nickname of Coyote State)[91]
  • Sunshine State[91] (no longer used; see Florida)
 Tennessee
  • Big Bend State (refers to the Tennessee River)[93]
  • Butternut State (refers to the tan color of the uniforms worn by Tennessee soldiers in the American Civil War)[93]
  • Hog and Hominy State[93]
  • The Mother of Southwestern Statesmen[93]
  • Volunteer State[93] (currently used on license plates)
 Texas
  • Lone Star State[31][94] (currently used on license plates)
 U.S. Virgin Islands[a]
  • America's Caribbean (used on U.S. Virgin Islands license plates until 2015)[95]
  • American Paradise[96]
 Utah
  • Beehive State
  • Mormon State[97]
  • Friendly State (formerly used on license plates)[98]
 Vermont
  • Green Mountain State[31] (currently used on license plates)
 Virginia
  • Mother of Presidents[15]
  • Mother of States[15]
  • Horse Country[15]
  • The Old Dominion[31][99]
 Washington[a]
  • Evergreen State[100] (currently used on license plates)
 West Virginia
  • Mountain State (previously used on license plates)
  • Panhandle State[15]
  • The Switzerland of America[101]
  • Almost Heaven
 Wisconsin[102][a]
  • Badger State[15]
  • America's Dairyland[103][104] (also on license plates since a 1939 state law)[102]
  • The Mitten State
  • The Copper State (historical)[105][106]
  • The Dairy State
 Wyoming
  • Cowboy State
  • Equality State
  • Forever West (on highway welcome signs)

See also[edit]

  • List of U.S. state and territory mottos
  • List of demonyms for U.S. states
  • List of city nicknames in the United States
  • List of provincial and territorial nicknames in Canada
  • Lists of nicknames: nickname list articles on Wikipedia

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f No official nickname.
  2. ^ Though this phrase is used on license plates, it is unclear if it is the official nickname of the Northern Mariana Islands.

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Emblems Index". State of Alabama. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
  2. ^ a b Introduction to Alabama, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  3. ^ a b c "Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors". Alabama Department of Archives & History. 2006-04-20. Retrieved 2007-03-18. Alabama does not have an official nickname.
  4. ^ "Heart of Dixie". Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors. Alabama Department of Archives & History. 2004-06-29. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
  5. ^ "Nicknames: America's 50 States (First of Four Parts)". Voice of America. VOA Special English program. 2008-01-06. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  6. ^ a b c d e The Last Frontier State, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  7. ^ Alaska Division of Economic Development (2010-12-21). "Alaska Division of Economic Development". Alaska Division of Economic Development. Retrieved 2011-07-30.
  8. ^ http://coastguard.dodlive.mil/2016/09/honor-respect-devotion-to-duty-coast-guard-auxiliarists-mike-and-paula-mcdonald/ Honor, Respect, Devotion to Duty: Coast Guard Auxiliarists Mike and Paula McDonald. Connie Terrell. September 30, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  9. ^ http://www.worldlicenseplates.com/world/PA_AMSA.html Worldlicenseplates.com. American Samoa. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  10. ^ "American Samoa Facts". Factretriever.com. Retrieved November 24, 2017.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Introduction to Arizona, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  12. ^ Ariz. HB 2549 Officially adopted by Arizona on February 14, 2011
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h Introduction to Arkansas, US States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  14. ^ Arkansas § 1-4-106 - State nickname Retrieved Feb. 28, 2011
  15. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "States, Popular Names of" . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  16. ^ California Government Code Section 420.75 Retrieved Feb. 28, 2011
  17. ^ "State Symbols". California State Library. State of California. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
  18. ^ a b c d "Colorado". NetState.com. NState, LLC. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
  19. ^ a b "Colorado State Name and Nicknames". Colorado State Symbols & Emblems. State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
  20. ^ "Colorado State Flower". Colorado State Symbols & Emblems. State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
  21. ^ "Colorado Water History" (asp). Colorado Historical Society. Retrieved 2007-11-29.
  22. ^ Denver, Colorado
  23. ^ "Colorado". USAtourist.com. USATourist. Archived from the original on 2012-12-16. Retrieved 2007-02-21.
  24. ^ Colorado Ski Country USA history Archived 2014-03-16 at archive.today
  25. ^ Introduction to Colorado, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  26. ^ Dermondy, K.C. (May 6, 2014). "Colorado's 10 Most Picturesque Mountain Towns | OutThere Colorado". OutThere Colorado. Retrieved June 2, 2018. This “Switzerland of America” as it’s often called, sits deep in the heart of the dramatic San Juan Mountains. It’s lined with grand Victorian buildings and is home to natural hot springs where you can soak up all of that scenery while relaxing in the soothing warm waters.
  27. ^ Conn. Stat. Sec. 3-110a, retrieved Nov. 4, 2013
  28. ^ "WCSU - Connecticut as the Provision State". www.wcsu.edu. Retrieved 2017-06-03.
  29. ^ a b c d e Introduction to Delaware, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  30. ^ "Jewel among the states (Quotation)". Monticello.ORG. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  31. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Barry Popik, Smoky City, barrypopik.com website, March 27, 2005
  32. ^ Delaware Code Title 29 Section 318 retrieved on February 28, 2011
  33. ^ a b Farhi, Paul. (2010, July 30). After initial obscurity, 'The DMV' nickname for Washington area picks up speed. Washington Post. Retrieved 20 December 2013.
  34. ^ a b c d e Introduction to Florida, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  35. ^ "Florida nicknamed 'gunshine state' for having highest number of concealed carry permits". Fox13 Tampa Bay. Retrieved 13 April 2019.
  36. ^ "Quick Facts: State Symbols". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  37. ^ "Folklife: Customs and Local Traditions". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  38. ^ "History & Archaeology: Antebellum Industrialization". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  39. ^ "Land & Resources: Peanuts". The New Georgia Encyclopedia. University of Georgia Press. Retrieved 2008-03-03.
  40. ^ a b c https://www.visittheusa.com/state/guam Guam (Visittheusa.com). Retrieved November 24, 2017.
  41. ^ http://www.worldlicenseplates.com/world/PA_GUAM.html Worldlicenseplates.com. Guam. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  42. ^ http://www.andersen.af.mil/News/Articles/Article/754311/driven-by-island-heritage-guam-native-serves-country-community-family/ Driven by island heritage, Guam native serves country, community, family. Arielle Vasquez. May 08, 2016. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  43. ^ "Hawaii Revised Statutes § 5-7". Archived from the original on October 19, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  44. ^ a b c d Introduction to Hawaii, 50 States.
  45. ^ "HAWAII: A RAINBOW OF CULTURAL RICHES: A world of traditions blending for centuries offers cultural activities of colorful diversity". Guidebookamerica.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-27. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
  46. ^ 808 State Frequently Asked Questions: Where did 808 State get their name from?, 808 State Official Website.
  47. ^ 808 State Update, Talk Radio Hawaii
  48. ^ "Nicknames: America's 50 States (Second of Four Parts)". Voice of America. VOA Special English program. 2008-01-12. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  49. ^ a b Introduction to Idaho, 50 States.
  50. ^ "SuperPages: Idaho History". Retrieved 2008-03-21.
  51. ^ "Illinois". Illinois State Symbols & Emblems. Retrieved 2007-04-29.
  52. ^ a b c d Introduction to Illinois, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  53. ^ The unofficial sobriquet of the State of Indiana has given rise to the humorous constructions Hoosierana (the land of Hoosiers; see uses in Indiana Journalism Hall of Fame Archived 2005-09-12 at the Wayback Machine and by sports journalist Frank DeFord) and Hoosierstan (the place of Hoosiers).
  54. ^ "Iowa State Nickname - "The Hawkeye State"". State Symbols USA. Retrieved May 24, 2013.
  55. ^ a b c d Introduction to Kentucky, 50 States.
  56. ^ "State Nicknames". 50states.com. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
  57. ^ Judy Colbert, Off the Beaten Path: Maryland and Delaware, 8th ed., 2007, ISBN 978-0-7627-4418-3.
  58. ^ a b c d e f "The State of Maryland - An Introduction to the Old Line State from". Netstate.Com. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
  59. ^ "Nicknames: America's 50 States (Third of Four Parts)". Voice of America. VOA Special English program. 2008-01-19. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  60. ^ Archives of Maryland Online Archived 2010-07-19 at the Wayback Machine
  61. ^ a b c Introduction to Massachusetts, 50 States, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  62. ^ Massachusetts (state, United States), Britannica Online, retrieved April 24, 2009.
  63. ^ Andrew Ryan, Report: 'Taxachusetts' label remains part of Massachusetts' past, Boston Globe, April 6, 2007.
  64. ^ Daniel J. Flynn, 'Taxachusetts' no more?, Forbes, October 22, 2008.
  65. ^ 'Taxachusetts' Voters May Eliminate State Income Tax, Fox News, October 7, 2008.
  66. ^ Michael D. Shear, Giuliani Backers Attack 'Taxachusetts Romney', The Washington Post, December 12, 2007.
  67. ^ Slate's Chatterbox: The Myth of 'Taxachusetts', National Public Radio, October 15, 2004.
  68. ^ Holland, Meegan (15 March 2010). "Death of Michigan's only Wolverine brings up question: Why are we still the Wolverine State?". MLive. Retrieved 14 September 2015.
  69. ^ Jess Myer s, Hockey roots run deep in Minnesota, ESPN.com, February 10, 2004
  70. ^ In Montana, a Popular Expression Is Taken Off the Endangered List New York Times, August 17, 2008; Retrieved February 28, 2011
  71. ^ a b c d e Nancy Capace, Encyclopedia of Nebraska. Somerset Publishers, Inc., Jan 1, 1999, p2-3
  72. ^ [1], Nebraska Rev. Stat. § 90-101, retrieved Nov. 4, 2013
  73. ^ http://www.netstate.com/states/intro/ne_intro.htm
  74. ^ a b c "New Hampshire Almanac >Fast New Hampshire Facts". State of New Hampshire official website. Retrieved October 12, 2012.
  75. ^ New Mexico Revised Statutes, Sec. 12-3-4-N, retrieved Nov. 4, 2013
  76. ^ New Mexico Symbols, State Names, SHG Resources website, accessed July 7, 2008
  77. ^ a b Introduction to North Carolina, 50 States, retrieved February 28, 2011.
  78. ^ "Why We are Called Tar Heels". UNC Libraries. Archived from the original on 2008-01-22. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
  79. ^ Variety Vacationland Postcard Exhibit Archived 2013-09-22 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved February 28, 2011.
  80. ^ https://www.guamvisitorsbureau.com/ Guamvisitorsbureau.com. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  81. ^ http://www.worldlicenseplates.com/world/PA_NMAR.html Worldlicenseplates.com. Northern Mariana Islands. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  82. ^ https://www.iexplore.com/articles/travel-guides/australia-and-south-pacific/northern-mariana-islands/things-to-do Northern Mariana Islands - Things to do. explore.com. Retrieved November 24, 2017
  83. ^ "It's official: Ohio IS the birthplace of aviation". The Cincinnati Enquirer. 2003-06-14. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
  84. ^ Elkins, Keith A. (2011). Mr. E. 2003: Manifest Lessons from Ohio's Bicentennial Celebration. iUniverse. p. 293. ISBN 9781462048922.
  85. ^ "Nicknames: America's 50 States (Fourth of Four Parts)". Voice of America. VOA Special English program. 2008-01-26. Retrieved 2009-01-04.
  86. ^ Writer John Francon Williams included a mention of Oregon as being the ‘Beaver State’ in 1892 in his book:The Advanced Class-Book of Modern Geography: Physical, Political, Commercial, by William Hughes and John Francon Williams, publ., London, George Philip & Son (1892) page 629: ‘OREGON, the ‘Beaver State,’ extends north of California to the Columbia River, which divides it from Washington.’
  87. ^ "Oregon's license plate from 1960 to circa 1966". Plate Shack. Retrieved 2007-07-12.
  88. ^ "98.03.04: The Taínos of Puerto Rico: Rediscovering Borinquen". Yale.edu. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
  89. ^ a b http://articles.latimes.com/1986-05-15/news/mn-5160_1_felony-charges
  90. ^ "Iodine". South Carolina Encyclopedia. 2007-04-14. Archived from the original on May 19, 2006. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
  91. ^ a b c d e South Dakota Symbols, State Names, SHG Resources website, accessed July 7, 2008
  92. ^ "South Dakota Laws 1-6-16.5". Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  93. ^ a b c d e Tennessee Symbols and Honors, in Tennessee Blue Book
  94. ^ "Texas:Facts, Map, and State Symbols". EnchantedLearning.com. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
  95. ^ http://www.worldlicenseplates.com/world/CA_USVI.html Worldlicenseplates.com. U.S. Virgin Islands. Retrieved July 7, 2018.
  96. ^ http://www.ducksters.com/geography/state.php?State=Virgin%20Islands Virgin Islands (Ducksters.com). Retrieved November 24, 2017.
  97. ^ "NetState: Utah". Retrieved 2008-03-24.
  98. ^ "State it on a plate — Over the years, slogans, designs have taken some poetic license". Deseret News. Archived from the original on 2009-08-22. Retrieved 2009-04-28.
  99. ^ https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Old_Dominion
  100. ^ "Symbols of Washington State". Washington State Legislature. Retrieved 2012-08-16.
  101. ^ Johnston, Ross B. (1926). West Virginia "the Switzerland of America" : a brief guide for tourists to some of its many scenic and historic places. Charleston, W. Va.: West Virginia Dept. of Agriculture. OCLC 9814800.
  102. ^ a b "Wisconsin State Symbols Archived 2013-10-04 at the Wayback Machine" in Wisconsin Blue Book 2005-2006, p. 966. Wisconsin has no Official nickname.
  103. ^ Dornfeld, Margaret; Hantula, Richard (2010). Wisconsin: It's my state!. Marshall Cavendish. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-60870-062-2.
  104. ^ Urdang, Laurence (1988). Names and Nicknames of Places and Things. Penguin Group USA. p. 8. ISBN 9780452009073. "America's Dairyland" A nickname of Wisconsin
  105. ^ Kane, Joseph Nathan; Alexander, Gerard L. (1979). Nicknames and sobriquets of U.S. cities, States, and counties. Scarecrow Press. p. 412. ISBN 9780810812550. Wisconsin - America's Dairyland, The Badger State ... The Copper State ...
  106. ^ Herman, Jennifer L. (2008). Wisconsin Encyclopedia, American Guide. North American Book Dist LLC. p. 10. ISBN 9781878592613. Nicknames Wisconsin is generally known as The Badger State, The Dairy State, or America's Dairyland, although in the past it has been nicknamed The Copper State.

External links[edit]

  • Information about U.S. State Nicknames